HLA-DRB1 (基因名), HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain (蛋白名), 2B14_HUMAN.
产品名称:
Human HLA-DRB1/ HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain CLIA Kit
货号:
-
商标:
EIAab®
监管等级:
别名:
MHC class II antigen DRB1*4, DR-4
检测方法:
CLIA
特异性:
Natural and recombinant human HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain
样品类型:
Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
样品数据:
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研究领域:
-
通用注释
亚单元:
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit; also referred as MHC class II molecule. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) it forms a heterononamer; 3 MHC class II molecules bind to a CD74 homotrimer (also known as invariant chain or HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain). In the endosomal/lysosomal system; CD74 undergoes sequential degradation by various proteases; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP on each MHC class II molecule. MHC class II molecule interacts with HLA_DM, and HLA_DO in B-cells, in order to release CLIP and facilitate the binding of antigenic peptides.
功能:
Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route; where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules; and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments; exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides; autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs; other cells of the gastrointestinal tract; such as epithelial cells; express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs; which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen; three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs; CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases; including CTSS and CTSL; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells; the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules; increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
亚细胞位置:
Cell membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Golgi apparatus
Trans-Golgi network membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Endosome membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Lysosome membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Late endosome membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
The MHC class II complex transits through a number of intracellular compartments in the endocytic pathway until it reaches the cell membrane for antigen presentation.
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