The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading rapidly around the world. Up to now, more than 2.3 million people have been infected, causing more than 160,000 deaths. The cumulative number of diagnoses in 6 countries has exceeded 100,000. This cases a great threat to the health and lives of all human beings. It is very important to analyze how the SARS-CoV-2 can invade the human cells for the development of special drugs and vaccines.

Scientist Zhou Qiang from China and his team found that the key to the infection of human cells with the SARS-CoV-2 is the S protein of the new coronavirus. The full name of S protein is spike glycoprotein, located at the outermost layer of SARS-CoV-2, like a protruding "crown". It invades the human cells by binding to the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein. ACE2 protein is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and is widely present in the lungs, kidneys, heart and intestines. When the new coronavirus invades the human cells, the S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 crosses the surface of ACE2 like a bridge, and it is like a hand of the virus to hold ACE2 protein tightly.

Zhou Qiang's team also resolved the three-dimensional structure of the ACE2 protein and the three-dimensional structure of the complex of SARS-CoV-2’s surface S protein receptor domain and cell surface receptor ACE2 protein.

The researchers confirmed that the structure of a protein largely determines its properties and functions. The analysis of the structure of the new coronavirus’ S protein, ACE2 protein and their interactions provides a solid foundation for the design of drugs and antibodies directed against the S protein or ACE2 protein; or the design of small molecules to disrupt their interaction.The results will play a significant role in the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods for COVID-19.

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