The study of intestinal microorganisms is one of the most promising fields in the medical field. For example, Dr. Jeffrey i. Gordon's team has reported a link between human gut bacteria and obesity. Scientists have discovered that individual microbes in the human gut have the ability to break down carbohydrates in the diet and release energy. This discovery will help identify and develop new human health probiotics.

Enterogenous bacteria have a major impact on the health and physiology of the human body. They help break down indigestible substances, such as starch and fiber, which are the main source of nutrients for them. One of the most complex carbohydrates is rg-ii, which can only be broken down by energy metabolism in bacterial colonies because of its complex structure. But, at the university of Edinburgh, cell and molecular life sciences professor Harry Gilbert and his colleagues by research shows that one creature that exist in the gut can decompose the RG - Ⅱ. RG-Ⅱ is metabolized by a bacterial enzyme called glycoside hydrolase, which ACTS on complex carbohydrates in the large intestine. 

The breakthrough came when researchers showed that these genes produce glycoside hydrolases, which help break down RG-Ⅱ.Three of these enzymes are responsible for breaking RG-Ⅱ’s glycoside bonds, demonstrating new catalytic functions of the enzymes and further modifying the most complex structural models of sugar metabolism undertaken by intestinal bacteria.